SAT“语法”高分,你不得不知的12条黄金原则

很多看到题目的朋友可能会问,为什么我要在题目中的“语法”两字上打上引号?原因很简单,在数年的SAT/GMAT的教学过程中,我一直不太习惯将SAT中IS,ISE,IP部分的考察与GMAT的Sentence correction测试叫做“语法”,主要在于这些考试中会出现一些和常见惯用语法不同,甚至相违背的现象。那么SAT考试中所谓的这些“语法”题到底在考察我们怎样的能力呢?我认为,这是一种对考生交流沟通能力有效性的考察,简而言之,就是看大家能否在短时间内用简洁的语言,明晰的逻辑让他人理解你话语的真正内涵,从而避免因为语言的冗长以及逻辑的歧义而产生误解,所以这不仅是在测试考生语法知识点的掌握情况,更是对于语言综合素质的考察,要知道,在现代社会,特别是在某些特定环境下,由于语言逻辑给别人带来的误解有时候是无法挽回的,甚至会产生很严重的后果。

因此,在SAT”语法”做题过程中,我们不仅要遵循一定的语法规律(Correctness),更要注重对于语言逻辑(Effectiveness)的把握。这里给大家总结了12条大家必须知道的SAT语法中的语言逻辑黄金原则。being 在名词/形容词/副词前出现永远错。
真题错误选项重现:
Her poems arebeing available in English translation in number of anthologies.
特别注意:有些语法书甚至老师的讲课中会说,being必错之类的话,这是不完全正确的,例如:is being built/at the risk of being caught (被动语态进行时/介词+being done)的结构是有可能被选为正确答案的。但如果放在名词/副词/形容词前则可直接秒杀。
this 不能裸奔。
真题错误选项重现:
The Baltimore waterfront can be found fascinating, and this made Antonio explore all that there was to see.
He was really excited by this.
从这两个例子中,我们可以看出,this的错误使用方法有2种:this+动词/this后面什么都没有。
This的正确使用方法是:this后加名词:this apple is sweet. 一句话,裸奔的概念是:this不能作代词使用。
if 只能表示“如果”不能表示”是否”。是否要用whether,也不能用whether or not.
真题错误选项重现:
The investors wanted to know if the company made a profit in the last quarter of the previous year.
定语从句中,关系代词which不能指代前面整句话,优先指代离它最近的名词。
真题错误选项重现:
Some beaches are frequently contaminated by untreated sewage that flows into the ocean, which can last for several days.
是海洋被污染这一现象持续很多天,而不是海洋会持续很多天。
在从句的虚拟用法中,建议,命令,要求类的从句中的should一定要省略。
真题错误选项重现:They suggested that all contracts should be written.
There be 句型的唯一正确形式:there be+实际存在的东西(book,computer….)
真题错误句型:there no longer remained….; there being done.
because of doing永远错。
真题错误选项重现:
Because of pleading in vain for improved maintenance services, the tenants refused….
介词+宾格+doing 结构永远错
真题错误选项重现:from him doing.
强烈语气表达所在的原句(however, whatever, wherever, not unlike在划线句中)只要原句语法逻辑正确,选项中修改这些词位置或者丢失这些词的是错误答案。
真题原题重现:
The graduate studies office does its best with notification to students about required documents for graduation, however, it being their responsibilityfile all the necessary paperwork.
(A) with notification to students of missing documents required for graduation; however, it being their responsibility
(B) to notify students about required documents for graduation that are missing, then it is their responsibility
(C) to notify students of missing documents required for graduation; however, it is the student’s responsibility
(D) when notifying students of missing required documents for graduation, and it is their  responsibility
(E) about notifying students of their missing documents required for graduation, as they are responsible
原句逻辑正确,BDE都将however省略了,A是being的错误用法,本题选C
你认为错误的其实是正确的。
An independence
A success
A reality.
这些表达看似错误其实都是正确的。
真题正确选项重现:
As children mature, they develop (an independence) that their parents, who have been responsible for them since they were born, often find difficult to accept.
三类优选结构:
Because优于because of/due to/owing to
Not…but(rather)优于rather than 优于instead of
Although/though优于despite/in spite of
在语法没有错误的选项中,考虑以上的优选结构。
在有动作发出者的前提下,主动语态优于被动语态,但在句子中缺失动作发出者的前提下,可以用被动语态。
真题选项重现:
The family cleared the table (正确)
The table was cleared by the family(错误)
The table was cleared (动作发出者缺失,可用被动语态)

我曾经作过一个统计,我教过的30名学生曾经在其他机构接受过SAT语法培训,他们无一例外的都在使用纯句子结构分析的方法在做语法题,我给他们灌输了这样的一个思想,那就是,要尽量抛弃结构分析的逻辑,在做语法题的时候,树立考点意识,换句话说,就是看到这道题,要想到这道题可能和哪个语法点相关,从而着手去解题。看到某个选项,如果判断它有可能是永远错的,要在一秒之内把它排除,这样才是做“语法”该有的逻辑。

作者介绍
毕业于美国University of Pittsburgh, 托福/SAT/GMAT名师,中国翻译协会(TAC)会员;上海电视台外语频道(ICS)特约嘉宾;作为曾经获得过香港国际青年钢琴比赛奖项的选手,同时也是国内为数不多的能全英文教授AP Music Theory(AP音乐理论)课程的教师。
2007年加入上海新东方,获新东方集团优秀教师,教师培训师等称号,并兼任双威教育集团国外考试项目总监,2013年12月受聘于上海新中高级中学国际部,任出国考试语言课程项目负责人,现为留园文化合伙人及教学总监,同时担任上海外国语大学西外外国语学校国际部出国考试语言课程项目负责人。
培训学员数10万人,并曾在上海,重庆,武汉,桂林等地举行过数十场大型托福专题讲座,所到之处,无不受人追捧。不仅如此,徐老师曾亲自参加了10余次托福考试及先后8次前往亚洲各国SAT考场考试,足迹遍布香港,台北,新加坡,韩国首尔,日本大阪,泰国普吉岛等地。